The effects of malt beer concentrate powder on the expression of genes related to mucus growth and immunity in common carp

The researchers added malt beer concentrate powder to the diet of common carp and measured the expression of several genes involved in mucus production and immune function in their skin and gut tissues. They found that dietary supplementation with malt beer concentrate powder increased the expression of genes related to mucus production and immune function in both tissues.

Specifically, the researchers observed upregulation of genes encoding mucins, which are proteins that play a key role in mucus production and provide a physical barrier against pathogens. They also observed upregulation of genes involved in the innate immune response, such as toll-like receptors and cytokines.

These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with malt beer concentrate powder may enhance the mucosal immune response in common carp, potentially improving their resistance to infectious diseases. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation, as well as its effects on other aspects of fish health and nutrition.